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Algebra had already been applied to geometry by other writers, as we have seen. The wholly new contribution made by Descartes was in importing the idea of motion into geometry. It is said that the idea came to him while lying in bed and watching the movements of a fly crawling near an angle of the room. He saw that its position at any moment could be defined by its perpendicular distance from the ceiling and two adjacent walls. Thus he saw a curve as described by a moving point, the point being the point of intersection of two moving lines which were always parallel to two fixed lines at right angles. As the moving point described the curve, its distances from the two fixed axes would vary in a manner characteristic of the curve, and an equation between these distances could be formed which would express some property of the curve. Algebraical transformations of this equation would then reveal other properties of the curve.
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, The History of Mathematics in Europe (1925)

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